Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional

Figur Muhammad Ali Putra Nirwan; Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena; Arman Anwar

doi:10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849

Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional

Figur Muhammad Ali Putra Nirwan⁽¹⁾, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena⁽²⁾, Arman Anwar⁽³⁾

(1) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
email

Corresponding Author

Abstract

Introduction: The Syrian conflict was motivated by the Arab Spring, which was related to demonstrations and popular resistance in the Middle East and North Africa which ended with the fall of the ruling regimes in these regional countries.

Purposes of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.

Methods of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.

Results of the Research: Legal violations against prisoners of war based on international legal and human rights instruments according to the Geneva Convention III of 1949 (Geneva Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of Wat) and Additional Protocol I year 1977 (Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of international Armed Conflicts) have the right to be treated with dignity and humanity, such as not being forced to provide information unless they know their identity. Their torture and cruel treatment is seen as a war crime. prisoners of war must be moved from dangerous areas to safe places. Their living conditions must be equivalent to those of members of the armed forces of the host nation. Accountability for legal violations against prisoners for serious human rights violations against prisoners of war legally basically refers to the principle of exhaustion of local remedies through the mechanism of a national court forum. The unwillingness and inability of countries suspected of committing serious violations of human rights to resolve the problem of these violations at the national level can underlie the emergence of the judicial competence of the International Criminal Court (ICC). War crimes and crimes against humanity in accordance with the Rome Statute (Article 5 paragraph (1).

Keywords

Accountability; Violations; Prisoners Of War; Law And Human Rights

DOI

10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849

Published

2023-10-23

How To Cite

APA: Nirwan, F.M., Wattimena, J.A., & Anwar, A. (2023). Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional. TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 3(7), 632–650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849.

IEEE: F.M. Nirwan, J.A. Wattimena, and A. Anwar, "Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional", TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk., vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 632–650, Oct. 2023. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2024. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849

Harvard: Nirwan, F.M., Wattimena, J.A., and Anwar, A., (2023). "Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional". TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 3(7), pp. 632–650. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849 (Accessed on: 22 December 2024)

Chicago: Nirwan, Figur Muhammad Ali Putra, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, and Arman Anwar. "Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 7 (October 23, 2023): 632–650. Accessed December 22, 2024. doi:10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849

Vancouver: Nirwan FM, Wattimena JA, Anwar A. Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional. TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk. [Internet]. 2023 Oct 23 [cited 2024 Dec 22];3(7):632–650. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849

MLA 8th: Nirwan, Figur Muhammad Ali Putra, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, and Arman Anwar. "Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 3, no. 7, 23 Oct. 2023, pp. 632–650, doi:10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849. Accessed 22 Dec. 2024.

BibTeX:

@article{TATOHI1849,
		author = {Figur Nirwan and Josina Wattimena and Arman Anwar},
		title = {Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional},
		journal = {TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum},
		volume = {3},
		number = {7},
		year = {2023},
		keywords = {Accountability; Violations; Prisoners Of War; Law And Human Rights},
		abstract = {Introduction: The Syrian conflict was motivated by the Arab Spring, which was related to demonstrations and popular resistance in the Middle East and North Africa which ended with the fall of the ruling regimes in these regional countries.Purposes of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.Methods of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.Results of the Research:  Legal violations against prisoners of war based on international legal and human rights instruments according to the Geneva Convention III of 1949 (Geneva  Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of Wat) and Additional Protocol I year 1977 (Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of international Armed Conflicts) have the right to be treated with dignity and humanity, such as not being forced to provide information unless they know their identity. Their torture and cruel treatment is seen as a war crime. prisoners of war must be moved from dangerous areas to safe places. Their living conditions must be equivalent to those of members of the armed forces of the host nation. Accountability for legal violations against prisoners for serious human rights violations against prisoners of war legally basically refers to the principle of exhaustion of local remedies through the mechanism of a national court forum. The unwillingness and inability of countries suspected of committing serious violations of human rights to resolve the problem of these violations at the national level can underlie the emergence of the judicial competence of the International Criminal Court (ICC). War crimes and crimes against humanity in accordance with the Rome Statute (Article 5 paragraph (1).},
				issn = {2775-619X},		pages = {632--650}			doi = {10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/tatohi/article/view/1849}
		}

RefWorks:

Citation format: Download Citation:

Al Jazeera News, “Syria's civil war explained from the beginning”, Al Jazeera online, 14 April 2018, dalam https://www.aljazeera.com, syria-civil-war-explained. Diakses pada 17 Oktober 2018.

Amnesti Internasional. “The International Criminal Court: Ensuring an Effective Role for Victims”.

Andrey Sujatmoko, Tanggung Jawab Negara Atas Pelanggaran Berat HAM: Indonesia, Timor Leste dan Lainnya, Grasindo Gramedia WidiasaranaIndonesia,

Arlina Permanasari dkk, Pengantar Hukum Humaniter, Jakarta, 1999

Bambang Suparno, Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara (Surabaya: Ubhara Press, 2018),

Bryan A. Garner, 2014, Black’s Law Dictionary Edisi Kesepuluh, Claitors Pub Division, New York

Busyra Azheri, 2011, Corporate Social Responsibility dari Voluntary menjadi Mandotary

DANIAL “Penghormatan prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan terhadap tawanan perang dalam konflik bersenjata menurut Konvensi Jenewa III Tahun 1949”

Dapo Akande. “The Jurisdiction of International Criminal Law Count Over National of Non- Parties: Legal Basis and Limits”. Journal of International Criminal Justice No. 618 December. 2003.

Detainees and forcibly-disappeared people in a decade of the war | Over 105,000 civilians killed and died in regime prisons…fate of hundreds of thousands others remains unknown…while relevant organizations continue inaction,di akses melalui https://www.syriahr.com/en/208836/.

Diponegoro law jurnal “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemulangan Tawanan Perang Pada Konflik Bersenjata Internasioal Menurut Konvensi Jenewa III 1949”

ElizabethA.Martin ed., A Dictionary of Law, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002

F. Sugeng Istanto, Perlindungan Penduduk Sipil dalam Perlawanan Rakyat Semesta dan Hukum Internasional. Yogyakarta: Liberty.

F. Sugeng Istanto. “Hukum Internasional”. AtmaJaya. Yogyakarta. 1998.

Graham Evans and Jeffrey Newnham. The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, Penguin Books, London, 1998.

Hans Kelsen 2007, sebagaimana diterjemahkan oleh Somardi, General Theory Of law and State, Teori Umum Hukum dan Negara, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum Normatif Sebagai Ilmu Hukum Deskriptif Empirik,BEE Media Indonesia, Jakarta

Haryomataram, Sekelumit tentang Hukum Humaniter, Universitas Sebelas Maret press, Surakarta, 1994.

Hingorani, 1984, Modern International Law, Second Edition, Oceana Publications

HR. Ridwan, 2006, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta

http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engior400101999!opendocument&of=eng-385; dalam Linda M. Keller. “: Seeking Justice at the International Criminal Court: Victims’ Reparation”. Thomas Jefferson Law Review. Vol 29/189. 2007

Huala Adolf, 1991, Aspek-aspek Negara dalam Hukum Internasional, CV Rajawali, Jakarta, selanjutnya disingkat Huala Adolf I

I Gede Widhiana Suarda, Hukum Pidana Internasional Sebuah Pengantar, Yrama Widya Bandung, 2003

Irma Halimah Hanafi, https://fh.unpatti.ac.id/ “Sekretaris Jenderal Pbb Dalam Pemeliharaan Perdamaian Internasional”, 2015.

J. A. Y. Wattimena, “Hukum humaniter” penegakkan dan pelanggaran kemanusiaan pada perang di era modern (Bandung : Widina Bhakti Persada,2022).

J.G Starke, ”Pengantar Hukum Internasional”, Jakarta:Sinar Grafika, Edisi Sepuluh, 2012

Jawahir Thontowi dan Pranoto Iskandar, 2006, Hukum Internasional Kontemporer, PT. Refika Aditama, Bandung

Joe Sterling, “Daraa: The spark that lit the Syrian flame”, CNN online, 1 Maret 2012, dalam https://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/world/meast/syria-crisis-beginnings/index.html, Diakses pada 16 Oktober 2021.

Jurnal International Law Making”Deklarasi Universal Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia.

Lona Puspita,”Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tawanan Perang Berdasarkan Konvensi Jenewa III Tahun 1949 Dan Declaration Of Human Rights”, Universitas Tamansiswa Padang,

M. Afif Hasbullah. Politik Hukum Ratifikasi Konvensi HAM Di Indonesia: Upaya Mewujudkan Masyarakat Yang Demokratis. 2005 Lamongan: Universitas Islam Darul Ulum,

Malcolm N. Shaw QC “Hukum Internasional”, Bandung, Penerjemah Derta Sri Widawati, Edisi keenam, 2013

Manfred Nowak. Introduction to the International Human Rights Regime, 2003 Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff,

Martin Dixon. “Cases and Material On International Law”. Oxford University Press. New York. 2003.

Muhammed Bedjaoui, “International Law: Achievement and Pronspects”. Nijhoff Publisher. 1991.

Morich Thenu, J. A. Y. Wattimena, dan Johanis Steny Franco Peilouw3 “Tinjauan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional Terhadap Extrajudicial Killing”, TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 2, No 7 (2022): 641-659

Oentoeng Wahjoe. “Hukum Pidana Internasional: Perkembangan Tindak Pidana Internasional dan Proses Penegakannya”. Erlangga. Jakarta. 2011.

Restatmen Ketiga Undang-Undang Hubungan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat tahun 1987.

Ria Wierma Putri. Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 2011

Sefriani, Sefriani,2010, Hukum Internasional: Suatu Pengantar, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta,

Yosina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena dan Vondaal Vidya Hattu, “Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Adat Sebagai Wujud Pemenuhan HAM Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19”, Jurnal Sasi, Volume 27 Nomor 2, April-Juni 2021.

Full Text: PDF