Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional

Rifadli Mahram Yusuf; Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena; Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata

doi:10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional

Rifadli Mahram Yusuf⁽¹⁾, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena⁽²⁾, Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata⁽³⁾

(1) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
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Corresponding Author

Abstract

Introduction: Private Military Contractors (PMC) are former military personnel employed by private military companies or what are known as Private Military Companies/Private Military Contractors (PMC). The widespread use of military contractors in armed conflicts such as the one in Iraq has raised problems in international law, especially international humanitarian law related to the use of military contractors. The involvement of its members in armed conflicts often results in unclear status in International Humanitarian Law, with many assuming that PMCs are the same as paid soldiers.

Purposes of the Research: The aim of the research is to determine the legal status of PMSCs in the invasion of Iraq by the United States (US) based on applicable international law and to analyze the responsibility of the United States (US) as the party that used PMCs in the invasion of Iraq which has caused many problems for Iraq.

Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical using a case approach, conceptual approach and statutory approach.

Results of the Research: The results of this research show that the legal status of mercenaries is legally recognized in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention and confirmed in Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 Article 47 paragraph (1) that: "A mercenary is not entitled to the status of a combatant or prisoner of war" and Sanctions which can be applied in violations of International Law, namely, Complaint, Reprisal, and Payment of Compensation or Compensation.

Keywords

State Responsibility; Private Military Contractors; Blackwater USA

DOI

10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

Published

2024-12-31

How To Cite

APA: Yusuf, R.M., Wattimena, J.A., & Tahamata, L.C. (2024). Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional. TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(10), 789 – 802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796.

IEEE: R.M. Yusuf, J.A. Wattimena, and L.C. Tahamata, "Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional", TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 789 – 802, Dec. 2024. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

Harvard: Yusuf, R.M., Wattimena, J.A., and Tahamata, L.C., (2024). "Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional". TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 4(10), pp. 789 – 802. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796 (Accessed on: 27 April 2025)

Chicago: Yusuf, Rifadli Mahram, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, and Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata. "Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 10 (December 31, 2024): 789 – 802. Accessed April 27, 2025. doi:10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

Vancouver: Yusuf RM, Wattimena JA, Tahamata LC. Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional. TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk. [Internet]. 2024 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Apr 27];4(10):789 – 802. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

MLA 8th: Yusuf, Rifadli Mahram, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, and Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata. "Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 4, no. 10, 31 Dec. 2024, pp. 789 – 802, doi:10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796. Accessed 27 Apr. 2025.

BibTeX:

@article{TATOHI2796,
		author = {Rifadli Yusuf and Josina Wattimena and Lucia Tahamata},
		title = {Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional},
		journal = {TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum},
		volume = {4},
		number = {10},
		year = {2024},
		keywords = {State Responsibility; Private Military Contractors; Blackwater USA},
		abstract = {Introduction: Private Military Contractors (PMC) are former military personnel employed by private military companies or what are known as Private Military Companies/Private Military Contractors (PMC). The widespread use of military contractors in armed conflicts such as the one in Iraq has raised problems in international law, especially international humanitarian law related to the use of military contractors. The involvement of its members in armed conflicts often results in unclear status in International Humanitarian Law, with many assuming that PMCs are the same as paid soldiers.Purposes of the Research: The aim of the research is to determine the legal status of PMSCs in the invasion of Iraq by the United States (US) based on applicable international law and to analyze the responsibility of the United States (US) as the party that used PMCs in the invasion of Iraq which has caused many problems for Iraq.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical using a case approach, conceptual approach and statutory approach.Results of the Research: The results of this research show that the legal status of mercenaries is legally recognized in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention and confirmed in Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 Article 47 paragraph (1) that: "A mercenary is not entitled to the status of a combatant or prisoner of war" and Sanctions which can be applied in violations of International Law, namely, Complaint, Reprisal, and Payment of Compensation or Compensation.},
				issn = {2775-619X},		pages = {789--802}			doi = {10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/tatohi/article/view/2796}
		}

RefWorks:

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Online/World Wide Web Dan Lain-Lain Http://www.crimesofwar.org/onnews/news-security.html Https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230319200209-4-422983/dua-dekade-usai-diserang-as-irak-jadi-kuburan-terbesar Https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-47 Https://www.operationmilitarykids.org/the-ultimate-guide-to-becoming-a-private-military-contractor/ Https://international.sindonews.com/read/1005349/45/profil-blackwater-organisasi-militer-as-satu-satunya-agen-swasta-yang-dikirim-untuk-invasi-afghanistan-1674640912/20 Mercenary/Private Military Companies {Pmcs), Global Security, Available: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mercenary.htm https://fpciunsoed.medium.com/pena-popy-the-rise-of-private-military-companies-pmcs-in-africa-a-case-study-of-wagners-edd7a1e7386b

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Dublin Core		PKP Metadata Items	Metadata for this Document

1.	Title	Title of document	Rekrutmen Private Military Contractors Yang Dilakukan Negara Dibolehkan Dalam Hukum Internasional

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Rifadli Mahram Yusuf; Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena; Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata; Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

3.	Subject	Discipline(s)

3.	Subject	Keyword(s)	State Responsibility; Private Military Contractors; Blackwater USA

4.	Description	Abstract	Introduction: Private Military Contractors (PMC) are former military personnel employed by private military companies or what are known as Private Military Companies/Private Military Contractors (PMC). The widespread use of military contractors in armed conflicts such as the one in Iraq has raised problems in international law, especially international humanitarian law related to the use of military contractors. The involvement of its members in armed conflicts often results in unclear status in International Humanitarian Law, with many assuming that PMCs are the same as paid soldiers.Purposes of the Research: The aim of the research is to determine the legal status of PMSCs in the invasion of Iraq by the United States (US) based on applicable international law and to analyze the responsibility of the United States (US) as the party that used PMCs in the invasion of Iraq which has caused many problems for Iraq.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical using a case approach, conceptual approach and statutory approach.Results of the Research: The results of this research show that the legal status of mercenaries is legally recognized in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention and confirmed in Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 Article 47 paragraph (1) that: "A mercenary is not entitled to the status of a combatant or prisoner of war" and Sanctions which can be applied in violations of International Law, namely, Complaint, Reprisal, and Payment of Compensation or Compensation.

5.	Publisher	Organizing agency, location	Faculty of Law Pattimura University

6.	Contributor	Sponsor(s)	Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesi

7.	Date	(YYYY-MM-DD)	2024-12-31

8.	Type	Status & genre	Peer-reviewed Article

8.	Type	Type

9.	Format	File format	PDF

10.	Identifier	Uniform Resource Identifier	https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/tatohi/article/view/2796

10.	Identifier	Digital Object Identifier	10.47268/tatohi.v4i10.2796

11.	Source	Title; vol., no. (year)	TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum; Vol 4, No 10 (2024): Volume 4 Nomor 10, Desember 2024

12.	Language	English=en	en

13.	Relation	Supp. Files

14.	Coverage	Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.)

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