Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence

Rizki Al Idrus; Rory Jeff Akyuwen; Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun

doi:10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence

Rizki Al Idrus⁽¹⁾, Rory Jeff Akyuwen⁽²⁾, Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun⁽³⁾

(1) Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(2) Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
(3) Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia

Corresponding Author

Abstract

Introduction: The development of Artificial Intelligence-based technology in the digital era has implications for human life, one of which is law. One of the interesting legal issues to study related to artificial intelligence is copyright protection.

Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine whether creations resulting from artificial intelligence can be classified as intellectual property and to determine whether artificial intelligence can be equated with employees who work based on employment relationships (Works Made for Hire).

Methods of the Research: The research method used by the author is normative. The legal materials used by the author are primary legal materials that are authoritative in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials, namely legal materials that support primary legal materials, namely literature studies (journals and books), and Tertiary (mass media, legal dictionaries, journals, and the internet). The materials obtained were then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method, namely by analyzing legal materials and then systematically arranged to obtain conclusions.

Findings of the Research: The results of the study are 1) showing that the creations produced by AI do not meet the subjective concept of a creation, but meet the objective concept of a creation which therefore could possibly obtain copyright protection. 2) The Works Made For Hire doctrine can be used as a solution, the AI system will be considered an employee. The creation will be allocated directly to the user or programmer, because the AI system is a tool that helps the creator in producing a creation.

Keywords

Legal Protection; Artificial Intelligence; Copyright.

DOI

10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

Published

2025-03-31

How To Cite

APA: Al Idrus, R., Akyuwen, R., & Labetubun, M. (2025). Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence. TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(1), 45 - 58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071.

IEEE: R. Al Idrus, R. Akyuwen, and M. Labetubun, "Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence", TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45 - 58, Mar. 2025. Accessed on: Jun. 5, 2025. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

Harvard: Al Idrus, R., Akyuwen, R., and Labetubun, M., (2025). "Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence". TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 5(1), pp. 45 - 58. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071 (Accessed on: 5 June 2025)

Chicago: Al Idrus, Rizki, Rory Jeff Akyuwen, and Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun. "Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 45 - 58. Accessed June 5, 2025. doi:10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

Vancouver: Al Idrus R, Akyuwen R, Labetubun M. Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence. TATOHI J. Ilmu Huk. [Internet]. 2025 Mar 31 [cited 2025 Jun 5];5(1):45 - 58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

MLA 8th: Al Idrus, Rizki, Rory Jeff Akyuwen, and Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun. "Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 5, no. 1, 31 Mar. 2025, pp. 45 - 58, doi:10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071. Accessed 5 Jun. 2025.

BibTeX:

@article{TATOHI3071,
		author = {Rizki Al Idrus and Rory Jeff Akyuwen and Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun},
		title = {Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence},
		journal = {TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum},
		volume = {5},
		number = {1},
		year = {2025},
		keywords = {Legal Protection; Artificial Intelligence; Copyright.},
		abstract = {Introduction: The development of Artificial Intelligence-based technology in the digital era has implications for human life, one of which is law. One of the interesting legal issues to study related to artificial intelligence is copyright protection.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine whether creations resulting from artificial intelligence can be classified as intellectual property and to determine whether artificial intelligence can be equated with employees who work based on employment relationships (Works Made for Hire).Methods of the Research: The research method used by the author is normative. The legal materials used by the author are primary legal materials that are authoritative in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials, namely legal materials that support primary legal materials, namely literature studies (journals and books), and Tertiary (mass media, legal dictionaries, journals, and the internet). The materials obtained were then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method, namely by analyzing legal materials and then systematically arranged to obtain conclusions.Findings of the Research: The results of the study are 1) showing that the creations produced by AI do not meet the subjective concept of a creation, but meet the objective concept of a creation which therefore could possibly obtain copyright protection. 2) The Works Made For Hire doctrine can be used as a solution, the AI system will be considered an employee. The creation will be allocated directly to the user or programmer, because the AI system is a tool that helps the creator in producing a creation.},
				issn = {2775-619X},		pages = {45--58}			doi = {10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/tatohi/article/view/3071}
		}

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Dublin Core		PKP Metadata Items	Metadata for this Document

1.	Title	Title of document	Legal Protection of Works Produced by Artificial Intelegence

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Rizki Al Idrus; Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Rory Jeff Akyuwen; Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

2.	Creator	Author's name, affiliation, country	Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun; Facuty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon; Indonesia

3.	Subject	Discipline(s)

3.	Subject	Keyword(s)	Legal Protection; Artificial Intelligence; Copyright.

4.	Description	Abstract	Introduction: The development of Artificial Intelligence-based technology in the digital era has implications for human life, one of which is law. One of the interesting legal issues to study related to artificial intelligence is copyright protection.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine whether creations resulting from artificial intelligence can be classified as intellectual property and to determine whether artificial intelligence can be equated with employees who work based on employment relationships (Works Made for Hire).Methods of the Research: The research method used by the author is normative. The legal materials used by the author are primary legal materials that are authoritative in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials, namely legal materials that support primary legal materials, namely literature studies (journals and books), and Tertiary (mass media, legal dictionaries, journals, and the internet). The materials obtained were then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method, namely by analyzing legal materials and then systematically arranged to obtain conclusions.Findings of the Research: The results of the study are 1) showing that the creations produced by AI do not meet the subjective concept of a creation, but meet the objective concept of a creation which therefore could possibly obtain copyright protection. 2) The Works Made For Hire doctrine can be used as a solution, the AI system will be considered an employee. The creation will be allocated directly to the user or programmer, because the AI system is a tool that helps the creator in producing a creation.

5.	Publisher	Organizing agency, location	Faculty of Law Pattimura University

6.	Contributor	Sponsor(s)

7.	Date	(YYYY-MM-DD)	2025-03-31

8.	Type	Status & genre	Peer-reviewed Article

8.	Type	Type

9.	Format	File format	PDF

10.	Identifier	Uniform Resource Identifier	https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/tatohi/article/view/3071

10.	Identifier	Digital Object Identifier	10.47268/tatohi.v5i1.3071

11.	Source	Title; vol., no. (year)	TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum; Volume 5 Issue 1, March 2025

12.	Language	English=en	en

13.	Relation	Supp. Files

14.	Coverage	Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.)

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