The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic

Alya Nabila(1email), Kandi Kirana Larasati(2)


(1) Faculty of Law Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Law Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
email Corresponding Author
CrossMark

Abstract


Introduction: The spread of the Covid-19 virus after being designated as a pandemic by the WHO (World Health Organization) in early 2020 had a negative impact on the sustainability of life in the world. The hampering of activities due to lockdown policies to break the chain of transmission of the virus, paralyzed the movement of the world economy.

Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out the development of handling the Covid-19 virus as a pandemic and the role of WHO as an international health organization in equalizing vaccine availability.

Methods of the Research: Normative juridical approach method with a statute approach, a historical approach and an analytical approach.

Results of the Research: That as an effort to address inequality of access and distribution of Covid-19 vaccines between poor and rich countries, WHO formed a cooperation forum with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), Vaccine Alliance, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and UNICEF namely Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) which has set up a pricing mechanism for rich countries to pay a requisite fees as a form of subsidize to poor countries.


Keywords


World Health Organization (WHO) ; Covid-19 ; Vaccine


DOI


10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027

Published


2022-10-13

How To Cite


APA: Nabila, A., & Larasati, K.K. (2022). The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic. SASI, 28(3), 397-410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027.
IEEE: A. Nabila, and K.K. Larasati, "The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic", SASI, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 397-410, Oct. 2022. Accessed on: Apr. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027
Harvard: Nabila, A., and Larasati, K.K., (2022). "The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic". SASI, Volume 28(3), pp. 397-410. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027 (Accessed on: 26 April 2024)
Chicago: Nabila, Alya, and Kandi Kirana Larasati. "The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic." SASI 28, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 397-410. Accessed April 26, 2024. doi:10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027
Vancouver: Nabila A, Larasati KK. The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic. SASI [Internet]. 2022 Oct 13 [cited 2024 Apr 26];28(3):397-410. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027
MLA 8th: Nabila, Alya, and Kandi Kirana Larasati. "The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic." SASI, vol. 28, no. 3, 13 Oct. 2022, pp. 397-410, doi:10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027. Accessed 26 Apr. 2024.
BibTeX:
@article{SASI1027,
		author = {Alya Nabila and Kandi Larasati},
		title = {The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic},
		journal = {SASI},
		volume = {28},
		number = {3},
		year = {2022},
		keywords = {World Health Organization (WHO) ; Covid-19 ; Vaccine},
		abstract = {Introduction: The spread of the Covid-19 virus after being designated as a pandemic by the WHO (World Health Organization) in early 2020 had a negative impact on the sustainability of life in the world. The hampering of activities due to lockdown policies to break the chain of transmission of the virus, paralyzed the movement of the world economy.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out the development of handling the Covid-19 virus as a pandemic and the role of WHO as an international health organization in equalizing vaccine availability.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical approach method with a statute approach, a historical approach and an analytical approach.Results of the Research: That as an effort to address inequality of access and distribution of Covid-19 vaccines between poor and rich countries, WHO formed a cooperation forum with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), Vaccine Alliance, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and UNICEF namely Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) which has set up a pricing mechanism for rich countries to pay a requisite fees as a form of subsidize to poor countries.},
				issn = {2614-2961},		pages = {397--410}			doi = {10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1027},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/sasi/article/view/1027}
		}
		
RefWorks:

   


Journal Article

Adityo Susilo et al., “Review of Current Literatures Mutasi Dan Varian Coronavirus Disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ): Tinjauan Literatur Terkini,” Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2022): 59–81.

Gerardus Gegen dan Aris Prio Agus Santoso, “Perlindungan HukumTenaga Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19”, Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum QISTIE, Vol. 14 No. 2, November 2021.

Gizachew A Tessema et al, “The COVID-19 Pandemic and Healthcare System in Africa: A Scoping Review of Preparedness, Impact, and Response”, BMJ Global Health, Vol. 6, Isu 12, 2021, https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/12/e007179.

Hetty Ismainar, M. Dedi Widodo, dan Leon Candra, Organisasi Manajemen Kesehatan, Widina Bhakti Persada, Bandung, 2021.

Ibnu Susanto Joyosemito and Narila Mutia Nasir, “Gelombang Kedua Pandemi Menuju Endemi Covid-19: Analisis Kebijakan Vaksinasi Dan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Sains Teknologi Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2021): 55–66, https://doi.org/10.31599/jstpm.v2i1.718.

Kemenkes & KPC PEN, “Taktis Praktis Antisipasi Gelombang Ketiga,”2022.

Marulak Pardede, “Aspek Hukum Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Dan Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid- 19,” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21, no. 1 (2021): 23, https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.v21.23-44.

Michael McCarthy, ‘A Brief History of The World Organization’, The Lancet, Vol 360, Isu 9340, 2002, https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(02)11244-X/fulltext.

Muchtaruddin Mansyur, “Vaksinasi COVID-19 Bagi Pekerja, Harapan Pulihnya Produktivitas”, Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association, Vol. 71 No. 1, Februari-Maret 2021.

Owen Dyer, ‘Covid-19: Many Poor Countries Will See Almost No Vaccine Next Year, Aid Groups Warn’, BMJ, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4809.

Ray Faradillahisari Nursofwa et al., “Penanganan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan,” Inicio Legis 1, no.1 (2020): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.21107/il.v1i1.8822.

Rayhana Maria, “Analisis Distribusi Vaksin Covid-19 Dengan Metode Cold Chain Dalam Memelihara Kualitas Vaksin (Studi Kasus Pada Puskesmas di Wilayah Kota Depok)”, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, 2021.

Rita Khairani, “Strategi Mix-and-Match Vaksin COVID-19, Seberapa Efektifkah?,” Jurnal Biomedika Dan Kesehatan 4, no. 3 (2021): 87–89, https://doi.org/10.18051/jbiomedkes.2021.v4.87-89.

Robert Bergquist dan Anna Sofie Stensgaard, ‘COVID-19: End of The Beginning?’, Geospatial Health, Vol 15, No 1, 2020, h 6, https://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/view/8 97.

Saira Baloch et al., ‘The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic’, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol 250, No 4, 2020, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/250/4/250_271/_article/char/ja/.

Theresia Louize Pesulima and Yosia Hetharie, “Legal Protection for Occupational Safety for Health Workers Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Sasi 26, no. 2 (2020): 280.

Book

Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.

Thesis, Web Page, and Others

CNN Indonesia, “Jejak Pandemi COVID-19, dari Pasar hingga Mengepung Dunia”, CNN Indonesia (online), 4 Agustus 2021, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20210804100935-113-676183/jejak-pandemi-COVID-19-dari-pasar-hingga-mengepung-dunia.

Covax: How many Covid vaccines have the US and the other G7 countries pledged?”, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55795297.

“Covax vaccine-sharing scheme delivers first doses to Ghana”, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56180161.

Dennis Nealon, “Breaking down boosters”, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/11/understanding-the-science-behind-a-vaccine-booster/ .

Eritrea is The Only African Country Without COVID-19 Vaccination”, https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/eritrea-is-the-only-african-country-without-covid-19-vaccination?gallery_image=undefined#big.

“Explained: What is COVAX, the scheme to distribute Covid-19 vaccines around the world?”, https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-covax-scheme-to-distribute-covid-19-vaccines-around-the-world-7204738/.

“Haiti has no Covid vaccine doses as violence looms larger than pandemic”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/05/haiti-no-covid-vaccine-doses.

Hidaya Aliouche, “What is COVAX?”, https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-COVAX.aspx.

Kantor PBB untuk Koordinasi Urusan Kemanusiaan, “Update Situasi Penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia”, https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/20211203_situation_update-bahasa.pdf.

Keith Collins dan Josh Holder, “See How Rich Countries Got to the Front of the Vaccine Line”, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/31/world/global-vaccine-supply-inequity.html.

Krista Larson, “Vaccine Deserts: Some Countries Have No COVID-19 Jabs At All”, https://apnews.com/article/africa-coronavirus-vaccine-coronavirus-pandemic-business-government-and-politics-2d5eab50c1ef8bd63b1a48331f4c3025.

Marta Frackowiak et al, “Factbox: Vaccines delivered under COVAX sharing schemes for poorer countries”, https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/vaccines-delivered-under-covax-sharing-scheme-poorer-countries-2022-01-03/.

News Okezone, “3 Negara Eropa Yang Alami Gelombang Ketiga Corona, Nomor 1 Langsung Lockdown Ketat”, https://news.okezone.com/read/2021/12/10/18/2515158/3-negara-eropa-yang-alami-gelombang-ketiga-covid-19-nomor-1-langsung-lockdown-ketat?page=2.

Pan American Health Organization, “Region of the Americas Update”, https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/55534/COVID-19DailyUpdate29December2021_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Robert Towey, “WHO Criticizes Wealthy Nations for Hoarding Covid Treatments and Vaccines, Saying it’s Prolonging Pandemic”, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/07/who-says-wealthy-nations-are-prolonging-pandemic-by-hoarding-covid-treatments-and-vaccines.html.

“The Race to Vaccinate: Why Africa is Struggling to Get Covid Jabs”, https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210921-the-race-to-vaccinate-why-africa-is-struggling-to-get-covid-jabs.

Umair Irfan, “Why are rich countries still monopolizing Covid-19 vaccines?”, https://www.vox.com/22759707/covid-19-vaccine-gap-covax-rich-poor-countries-boosters.

“WHO Corona Virus (COVID-19) Dashboard”, https://covid19.who.int/.

“What is COVAX? All You Need to Know in 500 Words”, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/24/what-is-covax-all-you-need-to-know-in-500.

WHO, “Country Readiness for COVID-19 Vaccines”, https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/country-readiness-for-covid-19-vaccines.

WHO, “Global leaders commit further support for global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and COVAX”, https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2021-global-leaders-commit-further-support-for-global-equitable-access-to-covid-19-vaccines-and-covax.

“World Coronavirus Tracker and Maps”, https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/regions/africa/

Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View grafik : 3003 times
PDF icon PDF Download : 847 times



Copyright (c) 2022 Alya Nabila, Kandi Kirana Larasati

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.