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Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India

Sandeep Kumar Mohanty(1email), Soumya Prakash Patra(2)


(1) Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
(2) Department of Commerce and Management, St. Xavier University, Kolkata, India
email Corresponding Author
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Abstract


Illegal wildlife trade is one of the major transnational crimes. Transnational Crime, by its very nature, is problematic as it surpasses national jurisdictions, as well as the parameters of information systems and law enforcement agencies. Illegal wildlife trade networks increasingly operate like global multinational businesses, connecting local markets to the global markets through complex and interlinked networks.Against this background, CITES was entered into, multinational environmental agreement to which 183 nations are parties to it and India, being a member of CITES, in compliance with the guidelines, has enacted an umbrella of 8 legislation for the protection of wildlife in India. But despite this austere legislation, India is progressively becoming a hub of illegal wildlife trade.The illegal laundering of wild-caught animals via legal pathways is subject to increased scrutiny. It appears that illegal wildlife traders are rampantly using other covert methods to smuggle these animals into the territories of target consumer countries, such as China. Once they enter into the jurisdiction of destination countries that permit legal trade in this species, it becomes arduous for the relevant enforcement agencies to distinguish between the wild-caught and captive-bred animals.The author undertakes to carry out a comparative analysis of the existing legislation of China concerning India to understand whether the legislation is robust enough for the protection of the wildlife and how the enforcement mechanism can be strengthened for the advancement of the endangered species.

Keywords


Illegal Wildlife Trade; CITES; Transnational Crimes; Endangered Species


DOI


10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597

Published


2021-12-31

How To Cite


APA: Mohanty, S.K., & Patra, S.P. (2021). Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India. SASI, 27(4), 549 - 560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597.
IEEE: S.K. Mohanty, and S.P. Patra, "Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India", SASI, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 549 - 560, Dec. 2021. Accessed on: Aug. 7, 2025. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597
Harvard: Mohanty, S.K., and Patra, S.P., (2021). "Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India". SASI, Volume 27(4), pp. 549 - 560. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597 (Accessed on: 7 August 2025)
Chicago: Mohanty, Sandeep Kumar, and Soumya Prakash Patra. "Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India." SASI 27, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 549 - 560. Accessed August 7, 2025. doi:10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597
Vancouver: Mohanty SK, Patra SP. Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India. SASI [Internet]. 2021 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Aug 7];27(4):549 - 560. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597
MLA 8th: Mohanty, Sandeep Kumar, and Soumya Prakash Patra. "Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India." SASI, vol. 27, no. 4, 27 Nov. 2021, pp. 549 - 560, doi:10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597. Accessed 7 Aug. 2025.
BibTeX: 
@article{SASI597,
		author = {Sandeep Mohanty and Soumya Patra},
		title = {Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India},
		journal = {SASI},
		volume = {27},
		number = {4},
		year = {2021},
		keywords = {Illegal Wildlife Trade; CITES; Transnational Crimes; Endangered Species},
		abstract = {Illegal wildlife trade is one of the major transnational crimes. Transnational Crime, by its very nature, is problematic as it surpasses national jurisdictions, as well as the parameters of information systems and law enforcement agencies. Illegal wildlife trade networks increasingly operate like global multinational businesses, connecting local markets to the global markets through complex and interlinked networks.Against this background, CITES was entered into, multinational environmental agreement to which 183 nations are parties to it and India, being a member of CITES, in compliance with the guidelines, has enacted an umbrella of 8 legislation for the protection of wildlife in India. But despite this austere legislation, India is progressively becoming a hub of illegal wildlife trade.The illegal laundering of wild-caught animals via legal pathways is subject to increased scrutiny. It appears that illegal wildlife traders are rampantly using other covert methods to smuggle these animals into the territories of target consumer countries, such as China. Once they enter into the jurisdiction of destination countries that permit legal trade in this species, it becomes arduous for the relevant enforcement agencies to distinguish between the wild-caught and captive-bred animals.The author undertakes to carry out a comparative analysis of the existing legislation of China concerning India to understand whether the legislation is robust enough for the protection of the wildlife and how the enforcement mechanism can be strengthened for the advancement of the endangered species.},
				issn = {2614-2961},		pages = {549--560}			doi = {10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/sasi/article/view/597}
		}
RefWorks:

   

Jurnal

[1] Challender, D. W., Harrop, S. R., & MacMillan, D. C. (2015). Understanding markets to conserve trade-threatened species in CITES. Biological Conservation, 187, 249-259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.015

[2] Johnsingh, A. J. T., & Williams, A. C. (1999). Elephant corridors in India: lessons for other elephant range countries. Oryx, 33(3), 210-214.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00063.x

[3] Nagle, J. C. (1996). Why Chinese Wildlife Disappears as CITES Spreads. Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev., 9, 435.

[4] Newton, D. J., & Chan, J. (1998). South Africa's trade in southern African Succulent Plants. Traffic east/southern Africa.

[5] Reboredo, F. (2013). Socio-economic, environmental, and governance impacts of illegal logging. Environment Systems and Decisions, 33(2), 295-304.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-013-9444-7

Online/World Wide Web, dll

[6] Adopted at the Fourth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 9 of the President of the People's Republic of China on November 8, 1988, and effective as of March 1, 1989.

[7] Africa Wildlife Foundation. 2015 World Wildlife Day Highlights Severity of Wildlife Crime. See https://www.awf.org/news/world-wildlifeday-highlights-severity-wildlife-crime (Last visited on 20th February 2020).

[8] https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/china-new-wildlife-protection-law/

[9] Kaziranga Shoot Poachers At Sight Order: Govt Chooses To Be An Ostrich In Rhino Land". Firstpost. N.p., 2017.

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Dublin Core PKP Metadata Items Metadata for this Document
 
1. Title Title of document Tramelling The Illegal Wildlife Trading: A Comparative Legislative Analysis of China and India
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Sandeep Kumar Mohanty; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur; India
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Soumya Prakash Patra; Department of Commerce and Management, St. Xavier University, Kolkata; India
 
3. Subject Discipline(s)
 
3. Subject Keyword(s) Illegal Wildlife Trade; CITES; Transnational Crimes; Endangered Species
 
4. Description Abstract Illegal wildlife trade is one of the major transnational crimes. Transnational Crime, by its very nature, is problematic as it surpasses national jurisdictions, as well as the parameters of information systems and law enforcement agencies. Illegal wildlife trade networks increasingly operate like global multinational businesses, connecting local markets to the global markets through complex and interlinked networks.Against this background, CITES was entered into, multinational environmental agreement to which 183 nations are parties to it and India, being a member of CITES, in compliance with the guidelines, has enacted an umbrella of 8 legislation for the protection of wildlife in India. But despite this austere legislation, India is progressively becoming a hub of illegal wildlife trade.The illegal laundering of wild-caught animals via legal pathways is subject to increased scrutiny. It appears that illegal wildlife traders are rampantly using other covert methods to smuggle these animals into the territories of target consumer countries, such as China. Once they enter into the jurisdiction of destination countries that permit legal trade in this species, it becomes arduous for the relevant enforcement agencies to distinguish between the wild-caught and captive-bred animals.The author undertakes to carry out a comparative analysis of the existing legislation of China concerning India to understand whether the legislation is robust enough for the protection of the wildlife and how the enforcement mechanism can be strengthened for the advancement of the endangered species.
 
5. Publisher Organizing agency, location Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura
 
6. Contributor Sponsor(s)
 
7. Date (YYYY-MM-DD) 2021-12-31
 
8. Type Status & genre Peer-reviewed Article
 
8. Type Type
 
9. Format File format PDF
 
10. Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/sasi/article/view/597
 
10. Identifier Digital Object Identifier 10.47268/sasi.v27i4.597
 
11. Source Title; vol., no. (year) SASI; Vol 27, No 4 (2021): Volume 27 Nomor 4, Oktober - Desember 2021
 
12. Language English=en en
 
13. Relation Supp. Files
 
14. Coverage Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.)
 
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Copyright (c) 2021 Sandeep Kumar Mohanty, Soumya Prakash Patra

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

 

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