Author Guidelines

Types of Manuscript

BALLREV considers the following types of manuscripts:

1. Original Research Article: a scholarly article based on original legal research employing doctrinal, empirical, comparative, socio-legal, or interdisciplinary approaches relevant to Civil Law, Contemporary Civil Law, and Comparative Private Law.
2. Comparative Legal Study: a scholarly article that examines legal doctrines, legislation, court decisions, legal institutions, or private law developments across two or more legal systems, jurisdictions, or legal traditions within the field of Civil Law, Contemporary Civil Law, and Comparative Private Law.

BALLREV does not accept manuscripts that have been published elsewhere, are under review by another journal, contain plagiarism, or constitute redundant or duplicate publication.

General Manuscript Requirements

Manuscripts submitted to BALLREV must meet the following requirements:

1. written in accordance with the BALLREV manuscript template;
2. relevant to the journal's Focus and Scope;
3. original and not submitted to another journal at the same time;
4. written in clear academic language;
5. supported by relevant and up-to-date legal sources and scholarly literature;
6. prepared according to the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition, full note system;
7. accompanied by complete author identity and affiliation metadata in the OJS submission system;
8. accompanied by a valid and authenticated ORCID iD for the corresponding author;
9. compliant with the journal's publication ethics, plagiarism, copyright, licensing, and peer review policies.

Authors are strongly advised to use reference manager applications such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote to ensure citation consistency.

Manuscript Structure

The manuscript should contain the following sections:

1. Title
2. Author name and affiliation
3. Correspondence email
4. Abstract
5. Keywords
6. Introduction
7. Methods of the Research
8. Results and Discussion
9. Conclusion
10. Acknowledgments
11. Author Declarations
12. References

The journal template is provided to help authors follow the required format. However, the template does not replace these Author Guidelines. Authors must read and follow the complete writing instructions below before submitting a manuscript.

Please prepare your manuscript before sending it, using the writing instructions below. Please download the Batulis Civil Law Review Template (.DOCX) file.

TITLE

Article Title Relevant to Substance, Maximum of 16 Words, Written in font Book Antique Bold (16 pt), Align Left.

AUTHOR & AFFILIATION

Written in full name and without using a title.

Affiliation example: Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia.

CORRESPONDENCE EMAIL

The email of the author(s). If more than 1 author, add "*" sign after the email of the corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Abstracts are written in English. The abstract title should be written in bold. The abstract substance should be written in Book Antiqua, 10 pt, italic, single spacing, with a maximum of 300 words.

Introduction: provides a brief introduction to the background and significance of the legal issue or research problem under study. It should briefly explain why the research is important. (max 50 words)

Purposes of the Research: briefly describes the main purpose or objective of the study, including the principal research question or legal issue examined where appropriate. (max 40 words)

Methods of the Research: briefly states the research methodology and relevant research approach used in the study. Depending on the nature of the research, this may include doctrinal or normative legal research, empirical legal research, comparative legal research, socio-legal research, historical research, theoretical analysis, or an interdisciplinary approach. (max 50 words)

Results / Main Findings / Novelty/Originality of the Research: explains the principal findings or analytical results of the research and the substantive contribution of the study to existing knowledge. The findings component does not need to present all findings obtained in the research; it should present the findings most relevant to the research objective and the nature of the study. For a Comparative Legal Study, the principal comparative findings should be clearly identified. (max 110 words)

Conclusion: briefly states the principal conclusion drawn from the research and, where appropriate, its significance, implications, or contribution to the development of Civil Law and Contemporary Private Law. (max 50 words)

The total length of the abstract must not exceed 300 words.

KEYWORDS

Key writing uses Book Antiqua, 10 pt in size, italics. Keywords are written in words or phrases, preferably in phrases. Keywords consist of 3-5 words or 3-5 phrases and must be separated by semicolons (;) not commas (,).

1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction should be clear and provide the issue to be discussed in the manuscript. Before the objective, authors should provide an adequate background and a very short literature survey to record the existing solutions, show which is the best of previous research, identify the main limitation of the previous research, explain what the authors hope to achieve to address the limitation, and demonstrate the scientific merit or novelty of the paper.[1]

At the end of the introduction, the author(s) should provide a statement on the significance of the issue and the objective of the research.[2]

This article analyses the comparative competition law related to the abuse of a dominant market position using the strategy of predatory pricing by undertakings in the European Union (hereinafter ‘EU’). For this purpose, a precise case study of the Valio case has been made.[3] Antti Aine, Adjunct Professor of general competition law at the University of Turku as an expert in the field of European Competition Law, has been interviewed for this article.[4] Also, EU law on predatory pricing has been compared to the United States’ predatory pricing law.

Therefore, this article explores the following research questions; whether the EU Competition law policy is already excessively restrictive, and if so, what is the effect on the business development of undertakings with only one nationally dominant market position and, whether the products, which are legally classified as belonging to different product markets, belong de facto to the same product market in case of being fully interchangeable with each other?.

[1] Our references use the CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE 17th edition (full note). The citation quick guide can be found at: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html

Example for Books references:

Teng Berlianty, Hukum Organisasi Perusahaan (Sidoarjo: Zifatama Jawara, 2019), p. 1.

[2] Example for Journal Articles references:

Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun, “A Legal Awareness of Copyright on Regional Song Creators,” International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (2021): 49–61, https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15406

[3] Finnish Administrative Supreme Court 12/2014, “Appeal statistics”, accessed January 13, 2016, http://www.kho.fi/material/attachments/kho/aineistoa/tilastoja/d1DGRBo1H/KHO.fi.pdf.

[4] Vinod Dhall, ed. Competition law today: Concepts, issues, and the law in practice. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 83.

2. METHODS OF THE RESEARCH

The Methods of the Research section should clearly describe the research method used based on the focus of the study. For legal research, authors should state whether the study uses normative legal research or empirical legal research and describe the relevant research approach used.

For normative legal research, authors should identify the relevant legal research approach(es), such as statutory, conceptual, case, comparative, historical, or analytical approaches, as appropriate to the research problem.

For empirical legal research, authors should describe the relevant research design, data sources, data collection procedures, and methods of analysis.

The research method should be described sufficiently to allow readers to understand how the study was conducted and how the findings or conclusions were derived.

Example of writing Research Methods:

This paper uses normative legal research methods because the focus of the study departs from the blurring of norms, using approaches: statute approach, conceptual approach, and analytical approach. The technique of tracing legal materials uses document study techniques, as well as analysis of studies using qualitative analysis.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The writing of the Results and Discussion section contains the results of research findings (scientific findings) which is followed by a scientific discussion. The description of the discussion in the Results and Discussion chapter is descriptive, analytical, and critical.

The description of the discussion must be adjusted to the sequence of legal issues that are the main elements of the study. Theories included in the theoretical framework should be cited in this chapter. The state of the art listed in the Introduction Section is also reviewed and elaborated in the Results and Discussion Section.

The analysis in the Results and Discussion section can be supported by a table that is presented horizontally. Table presentation is equipped with “Table Title” and “Table Source.” Each Table is followed by the author's review and comments as part of the analysis of the Tables presented.

In addition to the table, the provisions of the Act or other regulations presented are accompanied by studies and opinions of the authors in strengthening and sharpening the analysis of articles submitted for publication.

Tables and Figures are presented center and cited in the manuscript. The figures should be readable and at least have a resolution of 300 DPI (Dots Per Inch) for good printing quality.

A. Main Heading of the First Analysis or Discussion

This section is the most important section of your article. The analysis or results of the research should be clear and concise. The results should summarize scientific findings rather than provide data in great detail. Please highlight differences between your results or findings and previous publications by other researchers.

B. Main Heading of the Second Analysis or Discussion, etc.

This section is the most important section of your article. The analysis or results of the research should be clear and concise. Please highlight differences between your results or findings and previous publications by other researchers.

C. etc.

4. CONCLUSION

The conclusion contains a description that should answer the objectives of the research. Provide a clear and concise conclusion. Do not repeat the Abstract or simply describe the results of the research. Give a clear explanation regarding the possible application and/or suggestions related to the research findings.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors may acknowledge individuals or organizations that provided substantive assistance in conducting the research or preparing the manuscript but whose contributions do not qualify for authorship.

Acknowledgments may include, where applicable, academic advisors, research assistants, language editors, proofreaders, technical staff, data providers, material suppliers, or other contributors who provided specific assistance to the research or manuscript preparation.

Authors should obtain permission from individuals before including their names in the Acknowledgments section.

Financial or research funding should not be reported in this section. Funding information must be disclosed separately in the Funding section.

AUTHOR DECLARATIONS

Ethical Considerations and Ethical Clearance

Authors must comply with applicable research ethics requirements.

For research involving human participants, personal data, or other activities requiring ethical approval, authors must obtain approval from the relevant ethics committee before conducting the research.

Where Ethical Clearance is required, the manuscript must state the name of the approving ethics committee and the Ethical Clearance number and year. Where formal Ethical Clearance is not applicable, authors should provide an appropriate statement explaining the ethical considerations applicable to the research.

Author Contributions

All authors must make a meaningful contribution to the research and manuscript and must be accountable for the work to which they have contributed.

Authors are required to provide an Author Contributions Statement describing the individual contributions of each author. BALLREV uses the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to provide a standardized description of individual contributions to the research and manuscript.

CRediT consists of 14 contributor roles. An author may be assigned more than one role, and the same role may be assigned to more than one author where appropriate. The CRediT taxonomy describes contributions and does not by itself determine authorship. Authorship must still comply with the journal's authorship requirements.

CRediT Contributor Roles

These 14 roles follow the CRediT Contributor Role Taxonomy maintained by NISO.

How to Write the Author Contributions Statement

The Author Contributions Statement should identify each author by name, followed by the CRediT role(s) that represent their contribution.

Sample CRediT Author Statement

For a single-author manuscript, the author may state:

Author Contributions: Michael Anderson: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization, and Project Administration.

For a manuscript with multiple authors, the statement should identify the contribution of each author separately. For example:

Author Contributions: James Wilson: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software. Priya Sharma: Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft. Li Wei: Visualization, Investigation. Ahmad Rahman: Supervision. Daniel Thompson: Software, Validation. Siti Nur Aisyah: Writing – Review & Editing.

Authors should use only the CRediT roles that accurately describe their actual contributions. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors have reviewed and approved the contribution statement. Where appropriate, the same contributor may be assigned multiple roles, and multiple contributors may share the same role.

Funding

Authors must disclose all financial or material support that directly contributed to the research or preparation of the manuscript.

The Funding Statement should identify the name of the funding organization or sponsor and, where applicable, the grant, contract, or project number. Authors should also indicate the role of the funder in the research and publication process, including its involvement in the study design, collection of data or research materials, analysis, interpretation of findings, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

If the research received no specific funding, authors must explicitly state:

“This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

General institutional affiliation, salary, or routine institutional support should not be presented as research funding unless it directly supported the work reported in the manuscript.

Funding disclosure concerns direct support for the work. Other financial or non-financial relationships that may influence, or could reasonably be perceived to influence, the research or its publication should be disclosed separately under Conflict of Interest.

Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial relationships, activities, affiliations, or interests that could influence, or could reasonably be perceived to influence, the research, interpretation of findings, or publication of the manuscript.

Potential conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to:

• employment or consultancy;
• research grants or financial support;
• honoraria or other payments;
• ownership of stocks, shares, or other financial interests;
• patents or intellectual property interests;
• professional or personal relationships;
• institutional affiliations;
• academic or professional competition;
• advisory or expert roles; and
• other interests or relationships relevant to the submitted work.

Authors must disclose relevant conflicts even when they believe that the relationship or activity did not influence the research or its conclusions.

If no relevant conflict of interest exists, the manuscript must contain an explicit statement such as:

“The authors declare that there are no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest that could have influenced, or could reasonably be perceived to have influenced, the research, interpretation of the findings, or publication of this article.”

Disclosure of a conflict of interest does not necessarily mean that the manuscript is unsuitable for publication. Its purpose is to ensure transparency and allow editors and readers to assess potential sources of bias.

For detailed requirements concerning the disclosure and management of conflicts of interest, please refer to the Publication Ethics.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors who use artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted tools in preparing, analyzing, translating, generating, editing, or otherwise producing a manuscript or its research outputs must comply with the journal's AI Tools Usage Policy.

Authors must disclose:

1. whether AI-assisted technology was used;

2. the name of the AI tool or system used;

3. the purpose and manner of its use; and

4. the part or stage of the research or manuscript preparation in which AI was used, where applicable.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and final content of the manuscript, including content produced or modified with the assistance of AI.

AI-assisted tools may support research analysis and other aspects of the research process, but the interpretation of findings, scientific judgment, arguments, and conclusions must remain the responsibility of the authors and must not be delegated to AI systems.

AI-generated or AI-assisted output must be critically reviewed and verified by the authors. Authors are responsible for checking factual accuracy, citations, originality, plagiarism, copyright, bias, and other potential errors in AI-assisted content.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors and cannot assume responsibility or accountability for the manuscript.

Where AI is used for writing assistance, language improvement, translation, or similar manuscript preparation activities, its use should be disclosed in the appropriate manuscript declaration or Acknowledgments section. Where AI is used for data collection, analysis, coding, figure generation, or other research methodology, its use should be described in the relevant Methods of the Research section.

Authors should not upload confidential, unpublished, privileged, or peer-review materials into AI systems where confidentiality cannot be assured.

If no AI-assisted technology was used, authors must provide an explicit statement:

“The authors declare that no artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies were used in the preparation, analysis, or production of this manuscript.”

If AI was used, authors should provide a statement such as:

“The authors declare that [name of AI tool/system] was used for [describe the purpose and extent of use] during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors critically reviewed and verified all AI-assisted output and remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, interpretation, scientific judgment, and final content of the manuscript.”

REFERENCES

The References section must contain all sources cited in the manuscript.

Only works cited in the manuscript should appear in the References section.

References should be arranged alphabetically by author.

BALLREV uses the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition (Notes and Bibliography, full-note style).

Authors are encouraged to use reference management applications such as EndNote, Mendeley, or Zotero.

References should be relevant to the research topic and demonstrate adequate engagement with current national and international scholarship.

Each manuscript should contain a minimum of 16 references.

Authors should prioritize relevant primary and authoritative sources, particularly:

• national and international scholarly journal articles;
• legislation and regulations;
• court decisions and other judicial decisions;
• official government documents;
• theses, dissertations, and undergraduate theses;
• relevant conference proceedings;
• research manuscripts; and
• relevant research monographs.

For legal research, legislation, regulations, court decisions, and official legal or government documents should be cited where they constitute relevant primary legal sources for the research problem.

A substantial proportion of the references should consist of relevant scholarly works published within the last 10 years, particularly recent journal articles and other current scholarly literature directly related to the research topic.

Classical or older sources may be cited when they provide foundational theories, concepts, legal doctrines, historical context, or are necessary to explain the origin and development of the research problem. However, classical sources should not be relied upon as the primary basis for comparing the main findings of the study with recent scholarship and should not be used as the principal justification for the novelty or originality of the research.

Books and other authoritative sources may also be used where appropriate, particularly where they provide established legal doctrine, theoretical foundations, or other substantive support for the research.

Authors should ensure that all references are accurate, complete, and consistently formatted, and should provide DOI information where a DOI is available.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that every citation in the manuscript corresponds to an entry in the References section and that every entry in the References section is actually cited in the manuscript.

Journal Article

Footnotes:

1. Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun, “A Legal Awareness of Copyright on Regional Song Creators,” International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (2021): 49–61, https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15406.
2. La Ode Angga et al., “Effectiveness of Law Number 41 the Year 1999 in the Case of Illegal Logging in Maluku Province,” Cepalo 3, no. 2 (2019): 141–52, https://doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v3no2.1848.

References (in alphabetical order):

Angga, La Ode, Barzah Latupono, Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun, and Sabri Fataruba. “Effectiveness of Law Number 41 the Year 1999 in the Case of Illegal Logging in Maluku Province.” Cepalo 3, no. 2 (2019): 141–52. https://doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v3no2.1848.

Labetubun, Muchtar Anshary Hamid. “A Legal Awareness of Copyright on Regional Song Creators.” International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (2021): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15406.

Book

Footnotes:

1. Teng Berlianty, Hukum Organisasi Perusahaan (Sidoarjo: Zifatama Jawara, 2019), p. 1.
2. Irwansyah, Penelitian Hukum; Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Arikel. (Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media, 2020), p. 164-65.

References (in alphabetical order):

Irwansyah, Penelitian Hukum; Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Arikel. Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media, 2020.

Berlianty, Teng. Hukum Organisasi Perusahaan. Sidoarjo: Zifatama Jawara, 2019.

Thesis, Online/World Wide Web, and Others

Footnotes:

1. Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun, ‘Perlindungan Hukum HaKI Atas Desain Industri Terhadap Produk Kerajinan Kerang Mutiara Dalan Pemberdayaan Usaha Kecil Di Kota Ambon’ (Thesis: Universitas Brawijaya, 2010).
2. Mahar Prastiwi, “23 Berita Hoax Seputar Covid-19 Dan Penjelasan Pakar Pulmonologi UGM,” KOMPAS.com, 2021, https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2021/03/25/080000171/23-berita-hoax-seputar-covid-19-and-penjelasan-pakar-pulmonologi-UGM?page=all.

References (in alphabetical order):

Labetubun, Muchtar Anshary Hamid. “Perlindungan Hukum HaKI Atas Desain Industri Terhadap Produk Kerajinan Kerang Mutiara Dalan Pemberdayaan Usaha Kecil Di Kota Ambon.” Universitas Brawijaya, 2010.

Prastiwi, Mahar. “23 Berita Hoax Seputar Covid-19 Dan Penjelasan Pakar Pulmonologi UGM.” KOMPAS.com, 2021. https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2021/03/25/080000171/23-berita-hoax-seputar-covid-19-and-penjelasan-pakar-pulmonologi-UGM?page=all.

ORCID iD

This journal requires the corresponding author to provide and authenticate a valid ORCID iD through the official ORCID authentication process prior to editorial review.

ORCID iDs help distinguish researchers and support reliable connections between authors and their scholarly outputs.

Co-authors are encouraged to register for and provide ORCID iDs. Authenticated ORCID iDs may be displayed with published articles and included in metadata supplied to DOI registration agencies, indexing services, and other scholarly communication systems.