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Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective

Shenti Agustini(1email), Febri Jaya(2), Shelvi Rusdiana(3)


(1) Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam, Indonesia
email Corresponding Author
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Abstract


Introduction: Making agreements in Indonesia can be done in written and unwritten form. This is in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract in the Civil Code. Unwritten agreements are also very often carried out in the business world because they are more efficient. However, unwritten agreements are problematic because they are very difficult to prove in civil court.

Purposes of the Research: There are 2 (two) objectives in this research, namely first, to analyze the legal strength of unwritten agreements from the perspective of civil law books and second, to analyze evidence in civil courts for cases of breach of contract in unwritten agreements. Then to find the right legal solution in resolving default problems in civil court.

Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative juridical. This method uses literature study techniques. The type of data used comes from primary data, namely the Civil Code and legal principles, namely freedom of contract. then the secondary legal material used is in the form of previous research articles which examine the validity of unwritten agreements.

Results of the Research: Based on the research results, it was found that unwritten agreements have binding legal force. However, in reality it is very difficult to prove it in court because evidence in civil law comes from written letters. Therefore, the solution that can be offered is the need for preventive and repressive legal efforts.

Keywords


Legality; Proofing; Unwritten Agreements; Civil Law.


DOI


10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033

Published


2024-07-31

How To Cite


APA: Agustini, S., Jaya, F., & Rusdiana, S. (2024). Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective. Batulis Civil Law Review, 5(2), 109 - 115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033.
IEEE: S. Agustini, F. Jaya, and S. Rusdiana, "Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective", Batulis Civ. Law Rev., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 109 - 115, Jul. 2024. Accessed on: May. 3, 2025. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033
Harvard: Agustini, S., Jaya, F., and Rusdiana, S., (2024). "Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective". Batulis Civil Law Review, Volume 5(2), pp. 109 - 115. [Online]. Available DOI: https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033 (Accessed on: 3 May 2025)
Chicago: Agustini, Shenti, Febri Jaya, and Shelvi Rusdiana. "Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective." Batulis Civil Law Review 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 109 - 115. Accessed May 3, 2025. doi:10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033
Vancouver: Agustini S, Jaya F, Rusdiana S. Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective. Batulis Civ. Law Rev. [Internet]. 2024 Jul 31 [cited 2025 May 3];5(2):109 - 115. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033
MLA 8th: Agustini, Shenti, Febri Jaya, and Shelvi Rusdiana. "Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective." Batulis Civil Law Review, vol. 5, no. 2, 31 Jul. 2024, pp. 109 - 115, doi:10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033. Accessed 3 May. 2025.
BibTeX: 
@article{BALLREV2033,
		author = {Shenti Agustini and Febri Jaya and Shelvi Rusdiana},
		title = {Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective},
		journal = {Batulis Civil Law Review},
		volume = {5},
		number = {2},
		year = {2024},
		keywords = {Legality; Proofing; Unwritten Agreements; Civil Law.},
		abstract = {Introduction: Making agreements in Indonesia can be done in written and unwritten form. This is in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract in the Civil Code. Unwritten agreements are also very often carried out in the business world because they are more efficient. However, unwritten agreements are problematic because they are very difficult to prove in civil court.Purposes of the Research: There are 2 (two) objectives in this research, namely first, to analyze the legal strength of unwritten agreements from the perspective of civil law books and second, to analyze evidence in civil courts for cases of breach of contract in unwritten agreements. Then to find the right legal solution in resolving default problems in civil court.Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative juridical. This method uses literature study techniques. The type of data used comes from primary data, namely the Civil Code and legal principles, namely freedom of contract. then the secondary legal material used is in the form of previous research articles which examine the validity of unwritten agreements.Results of the Research: Based on the research results, it was found that unwritten agreements have binding legal force. However, in reality it is very difficult to prove it in court because evidence in civil law comes from written letters. Therefore, the solution that can be offered is the need for preventive and repressive legal efforts.},
				issn = {2746-8151},		pages = {109--115}			doi = {10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033},
				url = {https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/ballrev/article/view/2033}
		}
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Dublin Core PKP Metadata Items Metadata for this Document
 
1. Title Title of document Legality and Proof of Unwritten Agreements from a Civil Law Perspective
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Shenti Agustini; Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam; Indonesia
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Febri Jaya; Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam; Indonesia
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Shelvi Rusdiana; Faculty of Law, Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam; Indonesia
 
3. Subject Discipline(s)
 
3. Subject Keyword(s) Legality; Proofing; Unwritten Agreements; Civil Law.
 
4. Description Abstract Introduction: Making agreements in Indonesia can be done in written and unwritten form. This is in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract in the Civil Code. Unwritten agreements are also very often carried out in the business world because they are more efficient. However, unwritten agreements are problematic because they are very difficult to prove in civil court.Purposes of the Research: There are 2 (two) objectives in this research, namely first, to analyze the legal strength of unwritten agreements from the perspective of civil law books and second, to analyze evidence in civil courts for cases of breach of contract in unwritten agreements. Then to find the right legal solution in resolving default problems in civil court.Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative juridical. This method uses literature study techniques. The type of data used comes from primary data, namely the Civil Code and legal principles, namely freedom of contract. then the secondary legal material used is in the form of previous research articles which examine the validity of unwritten agreements.Results of the Research: Based on the research results, it was found that unwritten agreements have binding legal force. However, in reality it is very difficult to prove it in court because evidence in civil law comes from written letters. Therefore, the solution that can be offered is the need for preventive and repressive legal efforts.
 
5. Publisher Organizing agency, location Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura
 
6. Contributor Sponsor(s) Faculty of Law; Universitas Internasional Batam
 
7. Date (YYYY-MM-DD) 2024-07-31
 
8. Type Status & genre Peer-reviewed Article
 
8. Type Type
 
9. Format File format PDF
 
10. Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier https://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/ballrev/article/view/2033
 
10. Identifier Digital Object Identifier 10.47268/ballrev.v5i2.2033
 
11. Source Title; vol., no. (year) Batulis Civil Law Review; Vol 5, No 2 (2024): VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2, JULY 2024
 
12. Language English=en en
 
13. Relation Supp. Files
 
14. Coverage Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.)
 
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Copyright (c) 2024 Shenti Agustini, Febri Jaya, Shelvi Rusdiana.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.