Customary Law for Equitable Spatial Planning: Preventing Social Bankruptcy and Enhancing Community Welfare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v32i1.3467Keywords:
Customary Law, Spatial Planning, Social Bankruptcy, Community Welfare.Abstract
Introduction: This study examines the role of customary law as an instrument for equitable spatial planning in preventing socio-economic bankruptcy and enhancing the welfare of indigenous communities in Indonesia. As a living and dynamic legal system, customary law embodies values of ecological balance, deliberation, and restrictions on land conversion without community consent. However, in practice, many regional spatial planning policies have failed to integrate customary norms, resulting in spatial conflicts and social disintegration.
Purposes of the Research: The research aims to analyze how customary law can serve as both a normative and practical foundation for equitable spatial planning, and how integrating local values can prevent social bankruptcy while strengthening the welfare of indigenous peoples.
Methods of the Research: This study employs a normative-juridical approach combined with socio-legal analysis to examine the interaction between statutory law and customary practices in spatial management, supported by case studies of customary land conflicts in Salang Tungir Village (Deli Serdang Regency) and Aras Napal Village (Langkat Regency).
Results of the Research: Findings indicate that neglecting customary law norms in spatial planning leads to the loss of community access to productive spaces, weakens local economies, and triggers social conflicts. Conversely, applying customary law in spatial planning—through recognition of customary rights, consent mechanisms, and active community participation—fosters spatial justice and enhances community welfare. This study introduces the concept of “customary law-based spatial planning,” which integrates local values with principles of social and ecological justice in national spatial planning policies, offering a framework for more inclusive and sustainable development.Downloads
Citation Metrics
References
Adnan, M. A., Sunarto, A., Siregar, R. N., & Khair, A., “Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang Vertikal: Ruang Atas Dan Ruang Bawah Tanah,” AMU Press , 1, no.4, (2025): 1-83, https://ejournal.amertamedia.co.id/index.php/press/article/view/571
Adnan, M.A., Simbolon, T.M., Turnip, R.A., Sunarto, A., “Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang Atas Dan Ruang Bawah Tanah Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Penataan Ruang”, Kerta Semaya, 13 no.4, (2025): 501-513, https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2025.v13.i04.p01
Alfath, T. P., & Padli, I. N., “Penerapan Asas-Asas Hukum Adat dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur yang Berkeadilan”, Arena Hukum, 14 no. 1, (2021) :150-163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01401.8
Baha, H., Badshah, I., Rehman, A., Ullah, S., & Khan, U., “Dareemat: A Mechanism of Arbitration and Dispute Resolution Among Pashtuns in Zhob, Pakistan”, Legal Pluralism and Critical Social Analysis, 55 no.1, (2023) : 97–116,https://doi.org/10.1080/27706869.2023.2188016
Bakker, L., “Custom and Violence in Indonesia’s Protracted Land Conflict”, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8 no.1, (2023) :100624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100624
Bauder, H., & Mueller, R., “Westphalian Vs. Indigenous Sovereignty: Challenging Colonial Territorial Governance”, Geopolitcs, 28, no.1, (2023), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2021.1920577
Bintarawati, Fenny, “Hukum Adat di Indonesia”, Jakarta : Penerbit Lawwana, 2024.
Bustomi, A. R., Sugianto, D. A., & Juniawan, F. Z., “Politik Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Antara Kepentingan Negara dan Hak Masyarakat Adat”, Hutanasyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 4, no. 1, (2025) :89-100, https://doi.org/10.37092/hutanasyah.v4i1.1191
Enala, Mana, F. A., Prasetya, M. N., & Adam, A. F., “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Adat dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Pembangunan Lokal di Kabupaten” Jurnal Pengabdian dan Inovasi, 2, no. 01, (2025) : 8-17, https://doi.org/10.31595/lindayasos.v7i2.1647
Fatimah, & Nataly, F., “Strategi Komunikasi Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (Aman) Dalam Memperjuangkan RUU Masyarakat Hukum Adat”, Jurnal Ilmiah Komunikasi (JIKOM) STIKOM IMA, 14, no.03, (2022): 116-124, http://jikom.uima.ac.id/jurnal-stikom/index.php/jikom1/article/view/254
Firnaherera, V. A., & Lazuardi, A., “Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara: Antisipasi Persoalan Pertanahan Masyarakat Hukum adat”, Jurnal Studi Kebijakan Publik, 1, no.1, (2022) : 71-84, https://doi.org/10.21787/jskp.1.2022.71-84
Hakim, L., Rochima, E., & Wyantuti, S., “Implementasi kebijakan dan realisasi rencana tata ruang Kec. Garut kota di Kab. Garut: Studi Analisis Kebijakan” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 12, no.2, (2021): 163-175, https://jurnal.dpr.go.id/index.php/ekp/article/view/1938
Hasan, Y. A., Marwan Mas, M.,, & Tira, Andi, “Pengantar Ilmu Hukum”, Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2026
Mahadewi, K. J., “Disharmonisasi Regulasi Tata Ruang dalam Perlindungan Hak Ulayat di Bali dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria”, Acta Comitas: Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 10 no. 03, (2025): 612-626, https://doi.org/10.24843/AC.2025.v10.i03.p12
Mubarok, A., Alviana, A., Marselina, F. P., Febriansyah, M. A. B., Shabrina, S., & Gayatri, T. I, “Perlindungan hak atas tanah masyarakat adat di era otonomi daerah: Tantangan dan peluang”, Almufi Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 1, no.2, (2024): 69-77, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63821/ash.v1i2.291
Muhaimin, “Metode Penelitian Hukum”, Mataram University Press, Mataram, 2020
Nasoha, A. M. M., Atqiya, A. N., Rahmawati, D. A., A. Az-zahra, Z. L., & Shafira, N., Integrasi Nilai Pancasila dalam Sistem Hukum Konstitusi Indonesia: Implikasi terhadap Perlindungan Hukum Adat. Politika Progresif: Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora, 1, no.4, (2024): 47-59, https://doi.org/10.62383/progres.v1i4.931
Partini, N. N. T., “Peran Hukum Adat dalam Penegakan Hukum dan Penyelesaian Sengketa”, Virtue Jurisprudence, 2, no. 2, (2024) :192-201, https://jurnal.usp.ac.id/index.php/virtue-jurispudence/article/view/180
Praditha, D. G. E., “Hukum Kearifan Lokal: Suatu Pengantar Hukum Adat”, Malang : Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2023
Pratiwi, B., Soeparan, P. F., & Wibisono, W., “Peran Hukum Adat dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Agraria di Indonesia: Kajian Empiris dengan Metode Komparatif”, Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial, 2, no.4, (2024): 807-822, https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v2i4.2187
Putra, A.R.C., & Saly, J.N., “Kehormatan Dan Keadilan Melihat Hukum Adat Dalam Masyarakat Modern”, Journal Central Publisher, 1, no.5, (2023) :383–389. https://doi.org/10.60145/jcp.v1i5.102
Rahmawati, “Kebijakan Publik (Analisis Teori dan Politik)”, (Jakarta: YPAD Penerbit, 2025)
Ridwan, I. H. J., & Sodik, Achmad, “Hukum Tata Ruang: Dalam Konsep Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah”. Nuansa Cendekia : Bandung, 2023
Sahara, A.R.R & Clarissa, S.S., Eksistensi Hukum Adat Dalam Mempertahankan Kearifan Lokal di Era Modern”, Jurnal Multidisiplin Teknologi dan Arsitektur, 1, no. 2, (November 2023), https://doi.org/10.57235/motekar.v1i2.1308
Saija, R., “Perspektif Pailit dalam Perusahaan, (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2024)
Sandriani, S. T., Hariyadi, H., & Rizkidarajat, W., “Peran Komunitas Seni Mural Soloissolo dalam Pembentukan Ruang Publik di Surakarta”, Jurnal Penelitian Inovatif, 5, no.1, (2025): 235–246. https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.572
Santika, I. G. N., “Kedudukan Pancasila dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia”, IJOLARES: Indonesian Journal of Law Research, 1, no.2, (2023) : 47-51, https://doi.org/10.60153/ijolares.v1i2.24
Saragih, R. A., Sembiring, R., Suhaidi, S., & Andriati, S. L., “Analisis Hukum Penguasaan dan Pengelolaan Hutan Adat oleh Masyarakat Adat: (Studi Hutan Adat Tombak Haminjon Desa Pandumaan dan Desa Sipituhuta Kabupaten Humbang Hasudutan)”. Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 2 no. 3, (2023) : 243–260, https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v2i3.141
Setyowati, R.K., “Pengakuan Negara Terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat,”. Binamulia Hukum 12, no.1, (Juli 2023) :131-142, DOI: 10.37893/jbh.v12i1.601
Siahaan, M., “Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia” (Jakarta : Sinar Grafika, 2022)
Simamora, J., & Sarjono, A. G. A., “Urgensi Regulasi Penataan Ruang Dalam Rangka Perwujudan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia”, Nommensen Journal of Legal Opinion, 3, no. 1, (2022): 59-73, https://ejournal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/opinion
Sudiana, A. K., “Pengaturan Integrasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Penataan Lingkungan di Provinsi Bali”, Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, 7, 01, (2025): 933-945.
Supriyadi, Wibowo, G.D.H., & Asmara, G.. “Application of the Adat Principles Barenti ko Syara’, Syara’Barenti ko Kitabullah in Sumbawa Regency, ” International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 11, no. 04 (2023): 408–410. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i04.lla2.
Syahriar, I. & Bazarah, J., “Keadilan Sosial di Dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia”. Dedikasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial, Hukum, Budaya, 26, no. 1, (2025) : 41-54, https://doi.org/10.31293/ddk.v26i1.8767
Tamba, R., Harahap, N. F., Aridho, A., Simangunsong, M., Sihombing, A. F., Samura, L. H., & Ramadhan, T., “Analisis Penegakan Hukum Administrasi Negara Dalam Pasal 62 Uu 26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang”, Civics Education and Social Science Journal (CESSJ), 6, no.1, (2024): 51-57, https://doi.org/10.32585/cessj.v6i1.5169
Tamburaka, A. Y., “Tanah Ulayat, Tambang dan CSR”, Jakarta: CV. Azka Pustaka, 2025.
Ter Haar, B., “Hukum Adat di Indonesia”, Jakarta: Nuansa Cendekia, 2024.
Wibowo, A., “Hukum Kepailitan”, Jakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 2025.
Zulkarnain, I. dan Priskap, R., “Implikasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Atas Pengakuan Dan Perlindungan Terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam di Provinsi Jambi.” Datin Law Jurnal, 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–22, https://doi.org/10.36355/dlj.v4i1.968.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ali Adnan, Atika Sunarto, Azizan Khair
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
License Terms: The SASI Journal is disseminated based on the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license terms. This license allows anyone to copy and redistribute this material in any form or format, compose, modify, and make derivatives of this material for any purpose. You cannot use this material for commercial purposes. You must specify an appropriate name, include a link to the license, and certify that any changes have been made. You can do this in a way that is appropriate, but it does not imply that the licensor supports you or your use.
